Louis XVIII, 1815-1824. 5 Francs 1817 A, Paris. Frappe en or, tranche lisse. Av. LOUIS XVIII ROI - DE FRANCE. Tête nue à gauche. Rv. Ecu de France couronné dans une couronne de laurier. V.G. -; Maz. -; Gad. -. Or. 42.93 g.
SUP légèrement nettoyée
Ex. NGSA auction 3, 29-30 november 2004, lot 433.
Born in Versailles on November 17, 1755, the future Louis XVIII was the younger brother of Louis XVI. He was forced into a long exile by the French Revolution and the First Empire, only to return after the Campaign of France and the abdication of Napoleon. This time, he returned to France “in the role of the victor” and as, the eighteenth king to bear the first name, Louis. This “First Restoration” would last from April 6, 1814 to March 1815 and end after Napoleon debarked at the Golfe-Juan. Louis XVIII is then overthrown and has to resume the bitter path of exile during the period known as the Hundred Days. Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo on June 24, 1815 would however lead to Louis XVIII’s return and restoration to the throne. Until his death in 1824, he was torn between accepting the changes resulting from the Revolution and the First Empire, and, restoring of the “Old Regime” under the pressure of the aristocrats, who had “forgotten nothing but… had learned nothing” from the events of the French Revolution. This 5 Francs pattern was engraved by Michaut for the mint design competition of 1815. We can easily understand the choice of an advantageous portrait to represent this somewhat “chubby” sexagenarian. Other patterns, namely those engraved by Jacques or Gatteaux chose however to represent the king in a more disgraceful (or realistic) manner. This gold presentation strike is quite exceptional as was unlisted in the Gadoury and the Mazard reference books and seems have remained unpublished until November 2004, when it appeared in the NGSA auction. Its existence is more incredible as the Paris mint struck 3,777,954 silver coins making this same date a high mintage year. Although issued two years after the first coins struck for the reign of Louis XVIII, this presentation strike was most certainly done for the king or a member of the royal court.
Né à Versailles le 17 novembre 1755, le futur Louis XVIII est le frère cadet de Louis XVI. La Révolution et le Premier Empire le contraignent à un long exil. Après la Campagne de France et l’abdication de Napoléon, il revient en France « dans les fourgons de l’occupant », en tant que dix-huitième roi au prénom de Louis 1 pendant la première Restauration qui dure du 6 avril 1814 à mars 1815. Lorsque Napoléon débarque alors à Golfe-Juan, Louis XVIII est renversé et doit reprendre les chemins amers de l’exil pendant la période dite des Cent-Jours. Le 18 juin 1815, la défaite de Waterloo entraîne la chute de Napoléon et le retour de Louis XVIII sur le trône. Jusqu’à sa mort en 1824, celui-ci sera tiraillé entre l’acceptation de certains héritages de la Révolution et du Premier Empire et le rétablissement de l’Ancien Régime, sous la pression d’aristocrates qui n’avaient « rien appris ni rien oublié ». Ce module de 5 Francs est gravé par Michaut 2 pour le concours de 1815. Nous pouvons aisément comprendre le choix d’un portrait avantageux pour représenter ce sexagénaire quelque peu enrobé, contrairement aux autres, notamment gravés par Jacques ou par Gatteaux, qui représentent le roi de manière plus disgracieuse (ou réaliste). Cette monnaie d’or est tout à fait exceptionnelle, parce qu’elle semble être inédite jusqu’en novembre 2004, quand elle est mise en vente chez NGSA. Ni le Gadoury 3, ni le Mazard 4 n’y font référence. Pourtant, la frappe standard en argent de 1817 pour Paris s’élève à 3’777’954 exemplaires ce qui fait de ce millésime l’un des plus courants. Bien qu’émise deux ans après le premier millésime du règne de
Louis XVIII, cette pièce de prestige est très certainement frappée pour le roi ou pour un membre de la cour.
1 Pour les monarchistes de la famille des Bourbons, le fils de Louis XVI est considéré comme « Louis XVII », bien qu’il soit mort en prison sans avoir jamais été couronné.
2 Auguste-François Michaut (1786-1879) a notamment gravé tous les modules en argent et en or du règne de Louis XVIII de 1816 à 1824 et de Charles X de 1824 à 1830.
3 GADOURY Victor, Monnaies françaises, 1789-1989, Neuvième édition « spéciale bi-centenaire », Ed. Victor Gadoury, Monte-Carlo, 1989.
4 MAZARD Jean, Histoire monétaire et numismatique contemporaine 1790-1967, Ed. E. Bourgey, Paris-Bâle, 1969.
ルイ18世 (在位期間1815年〜1824年) 5フラン1817年A(パリミント) プレインエッジ見本打ち金貨
裏面:左向きの無冠タイプ LOUIS XVIII Roi de France (ルイ18世フランス国王)
表面:月桂冠の中のフランス「エキュ」
重さ:42,93gr
軽く洗浄、極美品
Ex 2004年11月29-30日NGSAオークション、出品番号433
Louis 18 (ルイ18世)
出生:1755年11月17日フランス王国ヴェルサイユ生まれ.
フランス国王ルイ16世の弟で、フランス革命の勃発と第1帝政から亡命し、長い間、外国でブルボン家の復位を待った。
1814年4月6日〜1815年3月第1王政復古の際にフランス国王ルイ18世として在位。
ナポレオンが再起を図ってフランスに舞い戻ると、ルイ18世は上陸するナポレオンを逮捕するために、軍隊を南フランスに差し向けたが、多くの兵士は寝返ってナポレオンの配下に入り、パリに向けて進軍した。ルイ18世はフランスから再び逃亡した。しかし1815年6月18日ワーテルローの戦いの敗北でナポレオンの復帰が終わると、再びフランスに戻って即位し、親政を開始した。
死去1824年9月(満68歳没)
本品は1815年のコインデザインコンクールの際に有名刻印師Michaut(ミショ氏)によってデザインされ、60年代で肥満だったルイ18世の肖像を現実以上に美化したので、当時同時に国王をありのままに描いた刻印師Jacques氏や刻印師Gatteaux氏の作成より、こちらの美しい国王の肖像が選ばれたのがよく理解できる。
2004年11月のNGSAのオークションまで本品が一切知られていなかった(Gadouryも Mazardにも載っていなかった)。1817年の標準5フラン銀貨の発行数は3’777’954個だったため、おそらく国王や王室のために鋳造された見本打ちと思われる。
追加: ルイ16世の処刑後には革命政府によって幽閉された皇太子ルイ・シャルルをLouis 17 (ルイ17世)と呼び(1795年死去)自らはルイ18世と名乗る。
刻印師Auguste-François Michaut (1786-1879)はルイ18世の在位期間中の銀貨/金貨全てのモジュールを刻印した。そして1824年から1830年までCharles X(シャルル10世)のモジュールもミショ氏が作った。
Auction: Numismatic Auction 8
Pre-bidding - End
04 07 2017 17:00 CEST
Room auction - Start
05 07 2017 15:00 CEST
Avenue du Mail, 15, Genève, 1205, Switzerland
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